【afford是什么意思及用法】“Afford”是一个常见的英语动词,常用于表达“负担得起、买得起、承担得起”等含义。它在日常英语中使用广泛,尤其是在谈论经济能力、时间或资源时。以下是对“afford”的详细解释和用法总结。
一、afford 的基本含义
| 中文释义 | 英文解释 |
| 负担得起(金钱) | To be able to pay for something |
| 承擔得起(时间、精力) | To have enough time or energy to do something |
| 有條件做某事 | To have the opportunity or resources to do something |
二、afford 的常见用法
1. 表示“买得起、支付得起”
- 例句:I can’t afford a new car.
- 翻译:我买不起一辆新车。
- 说明:这里的“afford”强调经济上的承受能力。
2. 表示“有时间/精力做某事”
- 例句:I don’t have time to afford a vacation right now.
- 翻译:我现在没时间去度假。
- 说明:这种用法更偏向于时间和精力的“可支配性”。
3. 表示“有资格、有权利做某事”
- 例句:Only those who can afford the fee may apply.
- 翻译:只有能负担费用的人才能申请。
- 说明:这种用法较少见,但常见于正式语境中。
4. 与“to”连用,表示“能够做某事”
- 例句:We can’t afford to make mistakes.
- 翻译:我们不能犯错。
- 说明:这里“afford to do”结构强调某种行为的代价或后果。
三、afford 的常见搭配
| 搭配 | 用法说明 |
| afford to do something | 能够去做某事(强调可能的后果) |
| afford a car / house / meal | 买得起某物 |
| afford time / energy / attention | 有时间/精力/注意力去做某事 |
| afford someone a chance / opportunity | 给某人一个机会 |
四、afford 的反义词与近义词
| 反义词 | 近义词 |
| can't afford | can't manage, can't handle |
| not able to pay | unable to bear, unable to cover |
五、afford 的常见错误用法
- ❌ I can afford this book.
- ✅ I can afford to buy this book.
- 错误点:直接说“afford + 名词”不自然,应使用“afford to do”。
- ❌ He can't afford to lose his job.
- ✅ He can't afford losing his job.
- 说明:虽然两种形式都正确,但“afford to do”更常见于正式场合,而“afford doing”则更口语化。
六、afford 的实际应用场景
| 场景 | 例句 |
| 购物 | I can't afford a new phone this month. |
| 时间管理 | I don't have time to afford a long meeting. |
| 项目预算 | The project is too expensive; we can't afford it. |
| 风险控制 | We can't afford to make a mistake in this deal. |
总结
“Afford”是一个非常实用的英语动词,主要用来表达“负担得起、承担得起、有资格做某事”等概念。它在不同的语境中有多种用法,尤其是“afford to do”结构在英语中非常常见。掌握其基本含义和常见搭配,有助于更准确地理解和使用这个单词。


